Living cells is dependent chemical factories of energy that must follow the laws of chemistry. Chemical reactions that take place in living cells are collectively known as metabolism. Thousands of reaction takes place in each cell, so that your metabolism is a process that impressive. Plants produce a number of complex compounds called secondary metabolites, which may serve to protect the other parts. Plants also produce vitamins that are important to the plant itself, animals, and humans. Besides plants produce a hormone that communicates various parts in controlling and coordinating the development.
Some reactions to form large molecules such as rice, cellulose, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. Formation of large molecules from small molecules called anabolism, and the process requires energy input. Catabolism is the breakdown of large molecules into small molecules and the process releases energy. Respiration is the process of primary catabolism in all cells that release energy, which involves the decomposition of the oxidation of the sugar producing CO2 and H2O.
Anabolism and catabolism to form metabolic pathways, which convert compound A to B, then B to C, C to D, and so on to set up a final result. In respiration, glucose is A, CO2 and H2O are the final results of the metabolic pathways that involve several tens of reactions. Metabolic pathway that will work and the speed is controlled by the cell lines with the help of enzymes (biokatalisator). Usually the enzyme accelerates the reaction with a speed between 108 and 1020. Enzymes work more effectively 108 to 109 compared with the conventional catalyst.
In addition the enzyme is more specific than an organic or organic catalyst in the reaction dikatalisisnya artificial. The advantages of this enzyme is followed by an enzyme deficiencies is a large protein molecule and its constituent requires a certain amount of energy.
Enzymes Within Cells
Enzymes are not mixed evenly throughout the cell, but contained in the compartments. Enzymes contained in the chloroplast for photosynthesis; to respiration contained mainly in the mitochondria are partly contained in the cytosol. Enzymes for the synthesis of DNA, RNA and mitosis contained in the core.
Grouping of enzymes in the compartment increases the efficiency of the processes of secular because of two things: (1) help ensure that sufficient concentrations of reactants in the enzyme, (2) help ensure that one compound is directed into the required results and are not diverted to other lines by the action of the enzyme other competing and also can work on compounds that anywhere else in the cell. But the grouping of enzymes in these compartments are not absolute as the membrane that surrounds the chloroplast allowing some sugar phosphates generated out photosynthesis. The compounds were then by a number outside the chloroplast enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis and respiration are essential for growth and maintenance of plants.
Properties of Enzymes
The properties of the enzyme are as follows: (1) enzyme is active in very small quantities. In biochemical reactions only a small amount of enzyme required to convert a large number of substrates into the results, (2) enzyme is not affected by the reaction dikatalisisnya in stable condition, due to the nature of the enzyme activity of proteins, among others influenced by pH and temperature. At the optimum conditions are not considered an enzyme is relatively unstable compound and is influenced by the reaction dikatalisisnya, (3) although the enzyme accelerates the completion of a reaction, the enzyme does not affect the balance of the reaction. Without the enzyme reaction can be commonly found behind the living system towards equilibrium takes place at a very slow pace. An enzyme that will generate the balance of the reaction at higher speeds, (4) job-specific enzyme catalysis. The enzyme showed specificity for the reaction dikatalisisnya. An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction will not catalyze the reaction of others
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