ORGANIC FERTILIZER STARTER

EXPERIMENT I

ORGANIC FERTILIZER STARTER

INTRODUCTION

BackgroundIncreasingly difficult to obtain artificial fertilizers such as urea encouraged to attempt how to meet the needs of fertilizer to agricultural businesses, especially food crops did not experience a sustained failure. How that is done must be able to guarantee the release of addiction, dependence both raw materials and technology used. The raw material used should be available in abundance all the time, easily obtainable, and cheap price. Similarly, the technology used should be simple, easily performed by anyone who wants to produce, and not expensive. The only alternative that can be done to overcome these problems is to replace artificial fertilizer with a natural fertilizer that can be done in a sustainable process. This natural fertilizer, better known as organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer is basically a process of decomposition of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms. Making organic compost fertilizer is conventionally done and already had long known well by the farmers. However, it still requires a longer time, which is about 3 months. To speed up the composting process, have now produced a variety of products that can speed up the composting starter as EM4, BM, and so forth that have been much circulated and readily available at farm stores. Making starter can basically be made with ingredients of crop residues (wastes) which can be used as organic compost starter or other organic fertilizers.
Experiment ObjectivesGoal of the experiment is to investigate the process of making a starter, especially for the manufacture of organic fertilizer or compost bokasih and often known as the "mole". This experiment is expected to add specific skills to students of agriculture as working capital in time after a degree.

METHOD EXPERIMENT

Place and TimeExperiments conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin. The experiment was conducted at week practicum MK I series of Plant Nutrition.Materials and EquipmentThe material used is household waste, the fruits are already over-mature, aqua water, molasses (sugar drops) or granulated sugar or brown sugar or palm sugar water. The tool used was a kitchen knife, weights room, blender, mixer, measuring cups, filter cloth / gauze asbestos, lidded bucket size of 10 liters, stove, rubber foam, aqua bottle, funnel, white transparent plastic hose diameter 2.5 cm, liquid wax / white candles, cardboard to cover, bottle-shaped container packaging, and labeling.Implementation1. Each group prepares praktikan wet household waste and one type of fruit that is over-mature (broken or waste pieces).2. Weigh wet household waste and over-mature fruits (damaged), each 3 pounds, cut into small pieces.3. Blender household waste and broken pieces separately and add water aqua each of about 250 cc.4. The filtrate obtained was filtered with filter cloth clean each sample while squeezed and placed each in a separate bucket container.5. Heat the filtrate obtained separately. When using sugar or palm sugar, add the sugar into each of the filtrate, stirring rate each one as much as 5% of the amount of filtrate used. Heating is carried out over low heat, until it forms a small foam but not allowed to boil for 30 minutes.6. Foam is formed when heating discarded by using foam rubber, still heated.7. After heating, filtered again with a clean filter cloth is then added molasses or water nirah if it does not use sugar or palm sugar.8. The filtrate was filtered put into a bottle of aqua, aqua bottle cap with a cover that has been perforated with a diameter of 0.5 cm (according to the size of the white plastic tube).9. Take another aqua bottle, filled with water up to ¾ parts, then covered with aqua bottle cap that has been perforated with a diameter of 0.5 cm.10. Connect the bottle containing the filtrate with aqua aqua bottles containing plain water melului holes on the cover of the bottle until the end of the hose on the aqua bottles containing plain water immersed in ordinary water. Trim the hose connector on the cover of the bottle by using a liquid wax does not come out until the air at the edge of the hose in a bottle cover11. Store in a safe place neatly for 1-2 weeks until the odor is formed like a tape, and do observations every two days (see table observations).12. When the filtrate was smelling tape, then the filtrate is ripe and is often called a "mole" and is ready to use. Filtrate which have become incorporated in a closed container and given a label corresponding neat praktikan.13. The remaining filter (waste) is collected in a container (bucket), neatly covered with cardboard and then closed again with the bucket lid and fermented for 1-2 weeks until it forms a cream-colored microbial cultures.
Parameter ObservationsIn this experiment conducted several observational parameters, namely:1. The color of each filtrate filtrate filtrate household waste and fruit every 2 days until the end of the experiment.2. When the formation of air bubbles in the bottle of plain water and the velocity of air bubble formation (seconds).3. The smell that comes out of each filtrate were observed every 2 days
Introduction Task1. Explain what is meant by organic fertilizers.2. Why is household waste and fruit that is over-mature can be used as materials for organic fertilizer starter? Explain.
3. Besides the materials mentioned above, what other materials can be used to manufacture organic fertilizer starter?4. Describe the function of EM4 in the composting process.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

List of questions to be answered and included in the Results and Discussion:1. How color and odor filtrate on each sample observation. With the color and smell, what can you conclude? (Answers must be supported by at least three literature).2. Which observations in the sample indicates the speed of formation of air bubbles on each sample observation? Explain why the results obtained thus (Answers must be supported by at least three literature).3. How does the color on the surface of the culture filtrate of microbes? When the formation of microbial culture? (Answers must be supported by at least three literature).4. Draw conclusions and suggestions based on the results of the experiment (as well as include a list of libraries that you use)

movement of nutrients

Nutrients and other dissolved compounds will move from the source area (Source) to the area utilization (sink). Thus it will move either plant nutrients in the soil near the roots and after terabsorpsi penetration by plant roots.
  Some plants need nutrients absorbed by plant roots of the plant growth media. Land is the main medium of plant growth and is a storehouse of nutrients for plants. To daopat terabsorpsi by plant roots, the nutrients must be contacted directly by plant roots. Thus there must melanism nutrient movement that allows the roots of plants can be contacted directly by the nutrient-nutrient in plant growth media There are two main mechanism of nutrient movement to plant roots in contact directly with the mechanisms of diffusion and mass flow.

Hydrogen cycle

Hydrogen is one of the main nutrients of plants which are mainly sourced from water absorption by plant roots from the soil melali or through leaf stomata. Thus the hydrogen cycle dialam terkalit directly with the water cycle

Nutrient cycle

Nutrient availability to plants is one of the basic needs of plants to grow and produce well. Nutrient (nutrients) plants sourced from the air, water and plant growth media (soil). In general, nutrients are utilized by plants mainly sourced from the land as the main plant growing medium. Nutrient contained in the soil mainly derived from bedrock weathering and decomposition of residual material from tanama orgaik and animals.
 
Nutrient that is picked up by subsequent crops through a variety of physiological processes is converted into organic compounds making up the plant body or stored as reserves asimilat pasa roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit. When the plant tissue has undergone a process of aging, will jtuh to the ground and will begin to experience degradation and together with other organic materials decompose in the soil with the help of rain water and soil microorganisms. The results of the decomposition will decompose leih pertahap far and will in the transformation into the form of nutrients available for plants to then be in a hoarse again by plants

Plant nutrition

Plant nutrients is a chemical element that is essential for growth and reproduction of plants and lazin called by Hara plants. Essential element is a term often used to identify nutrients (nutrient) plant. Normally, to become the essential nutrients, must match certain criteria. The main criterion is that the element should be required to complete the life cycle of plants. The second criterion is that the element can not be fully replaced by other elements as a nutrient. The third criterion is that all these elements plants need to grow and complete its life cycle. . 
Growth is essentially mrupakan added size and weight of dried plants that do not reverse bias. Prekembangan plant growth and possible only in case the number of builders plant cells. Thus it is necessary for plant growth berlansungnya materials cell development. Plant cells wake of hundreds of organic and inorganic compounds, but in general the average composition penusun plant cells in general are; Water about 75%, charcoal Hydrate 20%, Protein 2% 2% inorganic solids, and fats and other compounds senya 1% (Day Suseno, 1984). 
dAll plant constituent compounds, either directly as the building blocks such compounds or indirectly derived inorganic elements of plants obtained in the form of inorganic mineral ions sebahagian of which came from the parent material tanah.Komposisi mineral inorganic elements of plants can determined by ash analysis of plant tissue or spektro-fotometr derngan using atomic absorption. Aanalisa ash from the plant tissue will show the elemental composition of inorganic elements of plants Among these are: Kalimu (K), calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), Manganese (Mn), Iron ( Fe), sodium (Na), silicon (Si), Chlorine (Cl), aluminum (Al) and other elements which escape in gaseous form at Pengabuan is C, H, O and N