a. GrowThe zygote is the first cell of the generation of sporophytes that have maximum potential for growth, because he was able to grow into a whole new organism. After one division, each daughter cell will decrease the tendency morfogenetiknya, because each daughter cell can only produce a limited part of the organism and has led to the formation of a specific morphology. However, where the two daughter cells were separated, each cell will regain its capacity to grow into an organism. The reduced capacity of the two daughter cells derived from the zygote is caused by each daughter cell now inseparable, but under the influence of other cells are closely associated with him by ties of protoplasm (plasmodesmata).With increasing complexity of organisms, related to the growth capacity of each cell will be reduced in line with the influence of all cells and tissues surrounding them.
b. Embryo growthNot long after forming, the zygote begins to grow rapidly and develop into an embryo, which in turn will rest until the seeds germinate. Development of embryo and endosperm growth preceded the endosperm is a network that will feed the embryo during its growth. Embryo growth patterns differ from one plant to another plant, but the explanation in general will greatly help us. The beginning of zygote cell division would produce two cells, one of them will develop into an embryo and the other will be the suspensor. Suspensor regulate attachment and orientation of the embryo and endosperm pushed into the future that will give him food. Embryonic development through the stages globuiar, heart, and torpedo, so to speak because of his show these forms. Two indentations on the heart phase will develop into cotyledon and cotyledon stage embryos have developed radicle (root meristem) and meristem "shoot" (shoot shoot). With the growth of the embryo, the endosperm be digested because it is used to feed the embryo. This process continues until no remaining endosperm and all the remaining material was transferred to the cotyledons as well as beans. Other alternatives such as corn, endosperm remains in the seed until germination occurs.
c. Growth of In-Vitro EmbryoIn 1930, P. White, an American physiologist has succeeded in developing a medium for culturing embryos to the size of the initial stages of corn (heart stage) out of its mother. Recently known that the endosperm is the most likely source of nutrients for embryo growth and the addition of coconut milk into a medium of embryos has been possible it is still at an early stage of development were cultured and successful. Problems arising from the use of coconut milk in a medium is a composition of coconut water is very complex and largely unknown. Coconut water is rich in nitrogen, sugar, various growth substances and hormones as well as many other compounds senyaw with a variety of physiological activities.
d. Developments in Cell Culture and Tissue CultureIn 1950, Steward laboratories obtain rapid advances in tissue and cell culturing business of some crops, especially carrots, using a basal medium plus coconut milk White. Then by way of transferring it to the appropriate medium, either solid or liquid, such cells are normally grown produce embryos, form the root and shoot and eventually became a full grown plants and flowers. Clearly banya cells derived from various sources on the plant, if treated well and given the opportunity and right, can transform itself from the limitations of the environmental properties of its parent to zygote is unique and can carry out embryogenesis or the like, producing a crop intact. The cells are derived from plant partsmature and undifferentiated (stem, roots, etc.), the response is very limited and requires special treatment. Capacity owned by the zygote will still exist in the cell and will not be lost as a result of cleavage.In the development of an organism, morphogenetic tendency of the cells will be closed and will reopen when the cells become free from karingan and cultured in appropriate medium, need attention in an effort to induce and maintain cell growth on a regular basis.
b. Embryo growthNot long after forming, the zygote begins to grow rapidly and develop into an embryo, which in turn will rest until the seeds germinate. Development of embryo and endosperm growth preceded the endosperm is a network that will feed the embryo during its growth. Embryo growth patterns differ from one plant to another plant, but the explanation in general will greatly help us. The beginning of zygote cell division would produce two cells, one of them will develop into an embryo and the other will be the suspensor. Suspensor regulate attachment and orientation of the embryo and endosperm pushed into the future that will give him food. Embryonic development through the stages globuiar, heart, and torpedo, so to speak because of his show these forms. Two indentations on the heart phase will develop into cotyledon and cotyledon stage embryos have developed radicle (root meristem) and meristem "shoot" (shoot shoot). With the growth of the embryo, the endosperm be digested because it is used to feed the embryo. This process continues until no remaining endosperm and all the remaining material was transferred to the cotyledons as well as beans. Other alternatives such as corn, endosperm remains in the seed until germination occurs.
c. Growth of In-Vitro EmbryoIn 1930, P. White, an American physiologist has succeeded in developing a medium for culturing embryos to the size of the initial stages of corn (heart stage) out of its mother. Recently known that the endosperm is the most likely source of nutrients for embryo growth and the addition of coconut milk into a medium of embryos has been possible it is still at an early stage of development were cultured and successful. Problems arising from the use of coconut milk in a medium is a composition of coconut water is very complex and largely unknown. Coconut water is rich in nitrogen, sugar, various growth substances and hormones as well as many other compounds senyaw with a variety of physiological activities.
d. Developments in Cell Culture and Tissue CultureIn 1950, Steward laboratories obtain rapid advances in tissue and cell culturing business of some crops, especially carrots, using a basal medium plus coconut milk White. Then by way of transferring it to the appropriate medium, either solid or liquid, such cells are normally grown produce embryos, form the root and shoot and eventually became a full grown plants and flowers. Clearly banya cells derived from various sources on the plant, if treated well and given the opportunity and right, can transform itself from the limitations of the environmental properties of its parent to zygote is unique and can carry out embryogenesis or the like, producing a crop intact. The cells are derived from plant partsmature and undifferentiated (stem, roots, etc.), the response is very limited and requires special treatment. Capacity owned by the zygote will still exist in the cell and will not be lost as a result of cleavage.In the development of an organism, morphogenetic tendency of the cells will be closed and will reopen when the cells become free from karingan and cultured in appropriate medium, need attention in an effort to induce and maintain cell growth on a regular basis.
e. Totipotensi plant cellsSomatic cells from different parts of the plant, if given a good and proper condition, can develop into a whole new plant. It is called totipotensi, because they have full potential to grow, which is owned by the zygote. Although not all plant cells can perform pemudaan return (rejuvination) in this way, because some of them have been pegged to a pattern of events can not be returned (irreversible), due to the deposition of cell wall materials are solid and insoluble. Nevertheless all plant tissues contain totipotent cells.The above is a manifestation that shows that every living plant cells, in which carry the complete genetic information is essential to produce a plant. Loss of ability in the process of development is not due to loss of information from these cells, but reduced ability to utilize information. So each cell actually has a full capacity or potential to grow morfogentik as owned by the zygote, but in the process of development of the capacity for growth must be controlled for the sake of order and harmony.Totipotensi properties of plant cells, especially in the cells of meristematic tissue is developing into a wider field of research in in-vitro are very popular today with somatic embryogenesis pembakan. Somatic embryogenesis is diffrerensiasi haploid cells or diploid development to become a whole plant. In the cells that are still absolutes almost all groups of cells can be combined to form a new subuah meristem tissue that can differentiate menbentuk a whole new plant. At a more mature plant tissues, only the epidermal cells that can develop menadi embryo (Salisburry & Ross, 1992). Further said that in the mature plant tissues, embryos genenesis can only happen through the callus. Opportunities embrygenesis of somatic cells of reproductive tissues sepersi flower bud, ovule, anthers much higher than the cotyledons with callus from stem cells, buds or leaf buds.
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