ORGANIC FERTILIZER STARTER
BackgroundIncreasingly difficult to obtain artificial fertilizers such as urea encouraged to attempt how to meet the needs of fertilizer to agricultural businesses, especially food crops did not experience a sustained failure. How that is done must be able to guarantee the release of addiction, dependence both raw materials and technology used. The raw material used should be available in abundance all the time, easily obtainable, and cheap price. Similarly, the technology used should be simple, easily performed by anyone who wants to produce, and not expensive. The only alternative that can be done to overcome these problems is to replace artificial fertilizer with a natural fertilizer that can be done in a sustainable process. This natural fertilizer, better known as organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer is basically a process of decomposition of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms. Making organic compost fertilizer is conventionally done and already had long known well by the farmers. However, it still requires a longer time, which is about 3 months. To speed up the composting process, have now produced a variety of products that can speed up the composting starter as EM4, BM, and so forth that have been much circulated and readily available at farm stores. Making starter can basically be made with ingredients of crop residues (wastes) which can be used as organic compost starter or other organic fertilizers.
Experiment ObjectivesGoal of the experiment is to investigate the process of making a starter, especially for the manufacture of organic fertilizer or compost bokasih and often known as the "mole". This experiment is expected to add specific skills to students of agriculture as working capital in time after a degree.
Place and TimeExperiments conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin. The experiment was conducted at week practicum MK I series of Plant Nutrition.Materials and EquipmentThe material used is household waste, the fruits are already over-mature, aqua water, molasses (sugar drops) or granulated sugar or brown sugar or palm sugar water. The tool used was a kitchen knife, weights room, blender, mixer, measuring cups, filter cloth / gauze asbestos, lidded bucket size of 10 liters, stove, rubber foam, aqua bottle, funnel, white transparent plastic hose diameter 2.5 cm, liquid wax / white candles, cardboard to cover, bottle-shaped container packaging, and labeling.Implementation1. Each group prepares praktikan wet household waste and one type of fruit that is over-mature (broken or waste pieces).2. Weigh wet household waste and over-mature fruits (damaged), each 3 pounds, cut into small pieces.3. Blender household waste and broken pieces separately and add water aqua each of about 250 cc.4. The filtrate obtained was filtered with filter cloth clean each sample while squeezed and placed each in a separate bucket container.5. Heat the filtrate obtained separately. When using sugar or palm sugar, add the sugar into each of the filtrate, stirring rate each one as much as 5% of the amount of filtrate used. Heating is carried out over low heat, until it forms a small foam but not allowed to boil for 30 minutes.6. Foam is formed when heating discarded by using foam rubber, still heated.7. After heating, filtered again with a clean filter cloth is then added molasses or water nirah if it does not use sugar or palm sugar.8. The filtrate was filtered put into a bottle of aqua, aqua bottle cap with a cover that has been perforated with a diameter of 0.5 cm (according to the size of the white plastic tube).9. Take another aqua bottle, filled with water up to ¾ parts, then covered with aqua bottle cap that has been perforated with a diameter of 0.5 cm.10. Connect the bottle containing the filtrate with aqua aqua bottles containing plain water melului holes on the cover of the bottle until the end of the hose on the aqua bottles containing plain water immersed in ordinary water. Trim the hose connector on the cover of the bottle by using a liquid wax does not come out until the air at the edge of the hose in a bottle cover11. Store in a safe place neatly for 1-2 weeks until the odor is formed like a tape, and do observations every two days (see table observations).12. When the filtrate was smelling tape, then the filtrate is ripe and is often called a "mole" and is ready to use. Filtrate which have become incorporated in a closed container and given a label corresponding neat praktikan.13. The remaining filter (waste) is collected in a container (bucket), neatly covered with cardboard and then closed again with the bucket lid and fermented for 1-2 weeks until it forms a cream-colored microbial cultures.
Parameter ObservationsIn this experiment conducted several observational parameters, namely:1. The color of each filtrate filtrate filtrate household waste and fruit every 2 days until the end of the experiment.2. When the formation of air bubbles in the bottle of plain water and the velocity of air bubble formation (seconds).3. The smell that comes out of each filtrate were observed every 2 days
Introduction Task1. Explain what is meant by organic fertilizers.2. Why is household waste and fruit that is over-mature can be used as materials for organic fertilizer starter? Explain.
3. Besides the materials mentioned above, what other materials can be used to manufacture organic fertilizer starter?4. Describe the function of EM4 in the composting process.
List of questions to be answered and included in the Results and Discussion:1. How color and odor filtrate on each sample observation. With the color and smell, what can you conclude? (Answers must be supported by at least three literature).2. Which observations in the sample indicates the speed of formation of air bubbles on each sample observation? Explain why the results obtained thus (Answers must be supported by at least three literature).3. How does the color on the surface of the culture filtrate of microbes? When the formation of microbial culture? (Answers must be supported by at least three literature).4. Draw conclusions and suggestions based on the results of the experiment (as well as include a list of libraries that you use)
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