Cofactor, activator, Cluster Prosthetics and Coenzyme

Many of the enzyme for its activity requires the non-protein components called cofactors. Unlike enzymes, cofactors that are stable at relatively high temperatures and remain unchanged at the end of a reaction. Can be divided into three cofactors, namely: an organic ions (activators), prosthetic groups and coenzymes. Many organic molecules, some are related to vitamin, acts as a cofactor. Cofactor molecule will relate closely to the enzyme (as in gugs prosthetic), or only weakly associated with an enzyme such as the coenzyme. In both circumstances, the cofactor acts as a carrier molecule clusters of atoms, single atoms or electrons to be transferred from one place to another in a single metabolic pathway.

a. Inorganic Ions as Enzyme Activators

Activators typically bind weakly with an enzyme. Many of the enzymes associated with glycolysis require metals as activators. Some metals are known to be activators of the enzyme system is Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, K, and Co. 
b. Cluster Prosthetics 
Prosthetic group binds tightly to the enzyme (protein) by covalent bonding. Organic compounds such that the integrated help function misalanya enzyme catalysis, FAD, FMN, and Biotin. For example, FAD-containing riboflavin (vitamin B2), which is part of FAD which receives a hydrogen atom.Several enzymes have a prosthetic group containing metal ions (eg iron or copper in cytochrome oxidase). Prosthetic group of cytochromes act as electron carriers. Upon receipt of the electron, the iron reduced to Fe2 +, releasing electrons at the iron oxidized to Fe 3 +. 
 c. Coenzyme

Many enzymes require a prosthetic group has no other organic compounds called coenzymes for its activity. Coenzyme is not firmly attached to the protein enzyme. Examples of coenzymes are NAD, NADP, coenzyme A and ATP. For example, NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) derived from vitamin nicotinic acid present in the form of reduced and oxidized. In the oxidized state function in catalysis as a hydrogen acceptor is necessary enzyme in plants (and animals).